Method
The study was based on data from Swedish longitudinal national
registers held by the National Board of Health and Welfare and
Statistics Sweden, which were linked through each individual’s
unique personal identification number. The Patient Register has
nationwide coverage for psychiatric in-patient care since 1973
and information on psychiatric out-patient care (not provided
by a general practitioner) since 2001. Every record has a discharge
date, a primary discharge diagnosis and secondary diagnoses
assigned by the treating medical doctor according to the World
Health Organization’s International Statistical Classification of
Diseases and Related Health Problems: ICD-8 for 1969–1986,
ICD-9 for 1987–1996 and ICD-10 from 1997.10–12
The Swedish Prescribed Drug Register is a national healthcare
register with data on prescribed and dispensed pharmaceuticals.
Information regarding drug identity according to the Anatomical
Therapeutic Chemical classification system (ATC code), quantity
and dosage of the prescribed drug, and date of prescription/
dispensing has been registered since July 2005 along with specific
patient information (gender, age and residential area). The register
covers the entire population of Sweden, and the identity of the
patients is available for over 99.7% of the population.13
From the Total Population Register we obtained information
on gender, birth year and migrant status for the entire Swedish
population. At the time of the construction of our database, this
register covered all persons born up to 2009 and all migration
events during 1969–2009. Information on vital status (a registered
death date) was taken from the Cause of Death Register. At the
time of the analyses this register covered essentially all deaths from
1952 to 2009. The Multi-Generation Register includes personal
identification numbers of index persons and their biological and
adoptive parents and was used to identify parents, children, full
siblings and half-siblings of index persons. Index persons were
individuals born 1932–2009 and registered as living in Sweden
at any time during 1961–2009 or who migrated here together with
one or both parents and obtained permanent citizenship before
age 18 years.
Method
The study was based on data from Swedish longitudinal national
registers held by the National Board of Health and Welfare and
Statistics Sweden, which were linked through each individual’s
unique personal identification number. The Patient Register has
nationwide coverage for psychiatric in-patient care since 1973
and information on psychiatric out-patient care (not provided
by a general practitioner) since 2001. Every record has a discharge
date, a primary discharge diagnosis and secondary diagnoses
assigned by the treating medical doctor according to the World
Health Organization’s International Statistical Classification of
Diseases and Related Health Problems: ICD-8 for 1969–1986,
ICD-9 for 1987–1996 and ICD-10 from 1997.10–12
The Swedish Prescribed Drug Register is a national healthcare
register with data on prescribed and dispensed pharmaceuticals.
Information regarding drug identity according to the Anatomical
Therapeutic Chemical classification system (ATC code), quantity
and dosage of the prescribed drug, and date of prescription/
dispensing has been registered since July 2005 along with specific
patient information (gender, age and residential area). The register
covers the entire population of Sweden, and the identity of the
patients is available for over 99.7% of the population.13
From the Total Population Register we obtained information
on gender, birth year and migrant status for the entire Swedish
population. At the time of the construction of our database, this
register covered all persons born up to 2009 and all migration
events during 1969–2009. Information on vital status (a registered
death date) was taken from the Cause of Death Register. At the
time of the analyses this register covered essentially all deaths from
1952 to 2009. The Multi-Generation Register includes personal
identification numbers of index persons and their biological and
adoptive parents and was used to identify parents, children, full
siblings and half-siblings of index persons. Index persons were
individuals born 1932–2009 and registered as living in Sweden
at any time during 1961–2009 or who migrated here together with
one or both parents and obtained permanent citizenship before
age 18 years.
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