The ethnopharmacological uses and studies that reported the usefulness of the extracts of P. amarus as anti-inflammatory,antioxidant, antiplasmodial, antimalarial, and antidiabetic have prompted researchers to investigate the possible
immunomodulatory effects of its isolated compounds on the cellular immune response. In addition, several lignans isolated from P. amarus such as phyltetralin, nirtetralin,and niranthin revealed important in vivo and in vitro antiinflammatory activities.