3.2. Research area
Penang Botanic Gardens is located at the Northwest coast of Peninsular Malaysia. Penang Botanic
Gardens was selected because it is one of the oldest botanic gardens in Malaysia and it is situated on an
urban island. This botanic garden was established in 1884 by the British from the old granite quarry site
and is more popular known as Waterfall Gardens at that time. The main botanical garden area is 72 acres,