Human Resource Management (HRM) 
 
Although it was commonly accepted that HRM practices had formally started with industrial revolution, the fact is that the roots of HRM lie deep in the past. Just as the employees who shared the tasks that have to be done in modern organizations, humans in ancient societies also, divided work among themselves. So it can be said that division of labor has been practiced since prehistoric times. Tasks were allocated according to skills such as the ability to find food or plants, track animals or cook (Price, 2007) but the major contribution to the development of the HRM systems is provided by industrial revolution in the 1800’s. 
 
The terms of human resource management (HRM) and human resources (HR) have largely replaced instead of personnel management (PM) in the processes of managing people in the organizations. While human resource management is defined as a strategic and coherent approach for the organization’s most valued assets behind on the workers, there is no upon description of it. Personnel department is mostly to manage the paperwork around hiring and paying people. 
 
More recently, organizations consider the HR department as playing a major role in staffing, training and helping to manage people so that people and the organization are performing at maximum capability in a highly fulfilling manner (McNamara, 1998). In the global business, HRM is increasingly considered a contemporary development to reshape employment relationships as a tool that may have effectively replaced other management traditions like Personnel Management (PM) and Industrial Relations (IR) (Marchington & Wilkinson, 2002). 
 
Since the 1980s, human resource management (HRM) strategy has become an important topic for the management area, HRM strategy has achieved its prominence because it provides competitiveness and promote managerial efficiency in the business area. The rise of human resource management in the 1980s brought managerial scholars to the link between the management of people and performance. A number of attempts were made to put empirical facts with the theoretical bones of the knowledge based firms and the specific HRM views concerning how the systems on HR practice, which can make an increment on the organizational performance. The approach that focuses on individual HR practices and the link with the performance continued since early 1990s (Hendry & Pettigrew, 1990). 
 
HRM is used in a global context which contains ; “(a) specific human resource practices such as recruitment, selection, and appraisal; (b) formal human resource policies, which direct and partially constrain the development of specific practices; and (c) overarching human resource philosophies, which specify the values that inform an organization's policies and practices (Gilley et.al. 2002).