The free radical molecule nitric oxide (NO) is involved in a wide range of plant functions such as growth,
senescence, fruit ripening, and responses to adverse environmental conditions. NO and NO-derived
molecules peroxynitrite and S-nitrosoglutathione are reactive nitrogen species (RNS) that can directly or
indirectly interact with a broad spectrum of biomolecules that affect their biological functions. Plant NO
research has focused on post-translational modifications in proteins, mainly S-nitrosylation and nitration.
There are other potential target biomolecules in plants that have not been studied, which have
been studied in animal systems, such as lipids. Nitro-fatty acids (NO2-FAs) are involved in pleiotropic
activities in animal systems, including modulation of macrophage activation, prevention of leukocyte
and platelet activation, and promotion of blood vessel relaxation. NO2-FAs are therefore novel mediators
in NO signaling pathways and metabolism. This review will focus on these molecules and will highligh