Virgin oil versus waste oil, algae-based biodiesel that is gaining increasing importance, role of different catalysts including enzyme catalysts, and the current state-of-the-art in biodiesel production. The biodiesel esters were characterized for their physical and fuel properties including density, viscosity, iodine value, acid value, cloud value, pure point, gross heat of combustion and volatility and fuel produces slightly lower power and torque, and higher fuel consumption than No. 2 diesel fuel