Skin Swabs from Declining and Stable S. salamandra Populations. Skin swabs
were collected from 33 S. salamandra from the Dutch fire salamander
population experiencing the decline during 2010. For comparison, skin
swabs were collected from 51 clinically healthy fire salamanders from
a population without a history of decline (N50°57′13″; E3°43′15″, Merelbeke,
Belgium). DNA from the swabs was extracted in 100 μL PrepMan Ultra
(Applied Biosystems) (8). Samples were examined for the presence of DNA of
B. dendrobatidis using qPCR and for the presence of DNA of B. salamandrivorans
using the PCR described above.