Primary treatment of acquired aplastic anemia: outcomes with bone marrow transplantation and immunosuppressive therapy. Seattle Bone Marrow Transplant Team.
Doney K1, Leisenring W, Storb R, Appelbaum FR.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND:
Both immunosuppressive therapy and bone marrow transplantation are accepted treatments for patients with aplastic anemia. Choosing one of these therapies for a given patient depends not only on donor availability but also on such factors as patient age.
OBJECTIVE:
To compare survival rates and long-term complications after bone marrow transplantation or immunosuppressive therapy in patients with acquired aplastic anemia and to identify prognostic factors associated with improved survival.
DESIGN:
Center-based, retrospective analysis.
SETTING:
Referral center for patients with aplastic anemia.
PATIENTS:
395 patients with acquired aplastic anemia.
INTERVENTION:
Bone marrow transplant from an HLA-identical, related donor or immunosuppressive therapy.
MEASUREMENTS:
Kaplan-Meier survival curves, results of log rank tests, and cumulative incidence curves.
RESULTS:
Of 168 bone marrow transplant recipients, 89% had sustained engraftment. Forty-six patients developed grade II to IV acute graft-versus-host disease, and 68 developed chronic graft-versus-host disease that required therapy. Of 227 patients who received immunosuppressive therapy, 44% achieved a complete, partial, or minimal response. Fifty-four percent died or had no response to therapy. Actuarial survival at 15 years was 69% for bone marrow transplant recipients and 38% for patients receiving immunosuppressive therapy (P < 0.001). Improved survival was associated with having bone marrow transplantation as primary therapy, being younger, having no transfusion before transplantation, and having a higher absolute neutrophil count. Disease duration, year of therapy, sex, refractoriness to platelet transfusions, and previous treatment with androgens or corticosteroids did not significantly affect survival.
CONCLUSIONS:
Data from this center suggest that bone marrow transplantation may be preferred for younger patients with acquired aplastic anemia who have matched, related donors. Long-term survival is excellent for patients who respond to either form of therapy.