Finally, we investigated whether empirical papers were cited more often than nonempirical
works. The answer appeared to be no. Both parametric and nonparametric statistical techniques
failed to find a significant difference in citation rates between nonempirical and empirical papers in a subset of papers published between 1989 and 1991. The median number of citations (from 1992 to 1999) for 106 nonempirical papers was 15.0 and 15.5 for 270 empirical papers.