Furtber exammabon of tbe nursing literature reveals that
some nurse tbeonsts bave attempted to descnbe pabent
parbcipabon as an ethical ideal that can be reahzed withm
the nurse-pabent relationship Avis (1994) asserts tbat it
IS widely recognized as a prmciple of etbical care Peplau
(1988) sees pabent parbcipabon as a psycbosocial skill
that IS facilitated by a nurse who accepts and respects tbe
pabent as a person who can make decisions Ashworth
et al (1992) declare that proper pabent parbcipabon
entails awareness of, and empathy for, the pabent's personal
mvestments Accordmg to Pearson (1988), pabent
parbcipabon mvolves the adopbon of a non-direcbve
sfyle, whereby nurses attempt to give pabents greater
choice, to promote acbvify m care to a degree which
accords with tbe mdividual's negobated needs However,