Although China is the world’s most populous country with approximately 1.35 billion people, its annual population growth rate currently stands at only 0.44 percent (largely due to its three-decade-old one-child policy). This growth rate ranks China 159th among the world’s fastest growing countries, and it is expected that India will overtake China as the most populous country in a little over a decade. China’s life expectancy at birth is 75.15 years, giving it a ranking of 101th in the world. Both the low fertility rate and the prolonged life expectancy contribute to China’s slowing population, revealing a new demographic landscape in China with a growing aged population.