N-[1-Hydroxy-3-(trimethylammonium)propyl]chitosan chloride(HTCC) was synthesized by reacting CS with glycidyltrimethylammonium chloride (GTMAC). Briefly, 6 g of CS was mixed and dispersed in 225 mL of 2-PrOH. The reaction was carried out with stirring at 80–90 C for 1 h. GTMAC was dissolved in deionized water (30% w/v) to form a solution. The GTMAC solution was added to the CS suspension slowly under continuous stirring. The molar ratio of GTMAC to the amino groups of CS was 4:1. After 4 h of reaction at 80 C, any precipitate was filtered. The product was then poured into EtOH and washed three times. Quaternized CS was obtained by drying at 80 C for 48 h.