Table 1. Advantages and disadvantages of selected measurement techniques.
Technique Principle Advantages Disadvantages
Visual Testing Mechanical-optical Low cost
Minimum training
Time consuming
Low resolution
Repeatability and high error
Radiographic Testing Penetrating radiation Non-contact Time consuming
Hazardous
Nuclear magnetic
resonance
Magnetic field Quick, can be used in
routine analysis
Expensive
Ultrasonic Testing Sonic-ultrasonic Non-contact Single point measurement
Limited to acoustics impedance
Thermal imaging Temperature and heat
flow measurements
Non-contact
No harmful radiation
High portability
Real-time imaging
Requires training
Expensive
X-ray topography Electromagnetic spectrum
wavelength (