Physical workload of the typical employee position that the
supervisors selected was measured using the Physical
Workload Questionnaire (PWQ) [35]. The PWQ is a shortened
version of the Dutch Musculoskeletal Questionnaire
that has 26-items which measures two important dimensions
of physical workload: long lasting postures with repetitive
movements (PWQ LP) and heavy physical work (PWQ HP).
The PWQ LP and PWQ HP are two dimensions of physical
workload that are valid and reliable for use in the supervisor
population (Cronbach’s a equal to 0.86 and 0.92), respectively
[35]. These two dimensions of physical workload were
considered as potential confounders because the nominated
position that the supervisor selects may vary between supervisors on the degree to which the nominated position
deals with long lasting postures with repetitive movements
and/or heavy physical work.