Wang and Gupta (2011) established that supply chains can truly become green when it is
integrated throughout every aspect of the value chain. GSCM is the coadunation of the
regular SCM with environmental awareness, an emphasis on green productivity and
decrease in environmental impact during each link in the value chain by:
(1) reducing energy consumption;
(2) reducing consumption of natural resources;
(3) reducing pollution-related problems; and
(4) increasing recycling to harness the further use of raw material and supply.
Generally, GSCM should augment the activities of reverse logistic management,
i.e. integration of all aspects of env