• Direct headspace sampling has been used extensively
where rapid analysis is necessary and major component
analysis is satisfactory. For example, measurement of
hexanal as an indicator of oxidation. The determination of
residual solvents in packaging materials also may be
applied by this method.
• The headspace concentration techniques (often called
dynamic headspace or purge and trap methods) involve
passing large volumes of headspace vapors through a
cryogenic trap or a more complicated extraction and/or
adsorption trap.