The assay for antagonism was preformed on a PDA medium
using the dual-culture method described by Skidmore and
Dickinson [8]. Briefly, the bacteria and pathogenic fungi were
inoculated dually on PDA medium in petri dishes 2–2.5 cm
apart. The inhibition of actively growing fungus (radial distance
growth in cm) by bacteria in the PDA plates was recorded for
each sample. The cultures were incubated at room temperature,
and growth of the fungus towards and away from the bacterium
was allowed for 7 days after incubation. The percentage inhibition
of the growth of the fungi was calculated using the
following formula:
ðR1−R2Þ=R1 ½ 100;
where R1 was the farthest radial distance growth of the fungus
in the direction of the antagonist (a control value) and R2 was
the distance on a line between the inoculation positions of the
fungus and bacteria