The second method capitalizes the financing of construction projects and is called allowance for funds used during construction (AFUDC). AFUDC adds the cost of money used to finance the project during construction to the rate base once the plant is used and useful. The AFUDC is then depreciated along with the plant. AFUDC does not provide cash flow to fund construction. The cash flow comes later and in some instances creates a cash surplus. This cash is either returned to shareholders, held for future use, or invested outside the utility business. AFUDC makes current services more affordable to customers in the short run by capitalizing outlays and deferring returns until construction is complete. However, AFUDC can create “rate shock” when the full cost of the new plant plus accumulated financing costs enters rate base in one year.