1.1. Hard candy: product and cooling process description
For the fabrication of candy is necessary to mix simple ingredients
such as corn syrup, sucrose and water, and the subsequent
addition of essence, artificial colors and, in some cases, acids to
modify the flavor properties. Regardless of its simplicity, the
resulting product has a complex structure.
Hard candies are a classic example of a product in the glassy
state. Apparently, they are solids, but actually, in fact they are
supercooled liquids in a non-crystalline state [10]. Hard candy
could be considered like a liquid with high viscosity. This property
interferes in the process of formation of crystals. Crystallization is
an undesirable process during the fabrication and storage of hard
candy, which begins if a nuclei crystal (crystal seed) is present [12].
Slade and Levine [13] reported how the glass transition affects
various food properties. The key processes requiring understanding of the amorphous state and glass transitions of food systems are
those occurring at limited water contents [14]. Hence, the process
of vitrification, which consists of the solidification to a glassy substance
during the cooling of a liquid-like material, has relevant
importance in confectionary manufacturing plants, especially during
hard candy processing, due to the fact that these processes occur
at low water contents. For instance, the water content range of hard
candies is approximately from 1.5% to 5% (w/w). So, in this context,
Tg value is one of the most important variables for designing and/or
monitoring industrial processes of low water content foodstuffs.
Fig. 1 schematically shows the unit operations necessary for the
production process of hard candy. Fig. 2 illustrates the cooling tunnel,
where the temperature required for the wrapping and the
glassy structure is reached removing only the energy contained
inside the formed hard candies. The tunnel has two air ducts
(entrance and exit). The incoming air flow is regulated by a
deflector [D]. As is shown in Fig. 2, the tunnel is composed of three
conveyor belts [CB] which are mechanically driven by an engine
connected to an adjustable frequency drive [AFD] to vary the
residence time of candies.
1.1. Hard candy: product and cooling process descriptionFor the fabrication of candy is necessary to mix simple ingredientssuch as corn syrup, sucrose and water, and the subsequentaddition of essence, artificial colors and, in some cases, acids tomodify the flavor properties. Regardless of its simplicity, theresulting product has a complex structure.Hard candies are a classic example of a product in the glassystate. Apparently, they are solids, but actually, in fact they aresupercooled liquids in a non-crystalline state [10]. Hard candycould be considered like a liquid with high viscosity. This propertyinterferes in the process of formation of crystals. Crystallization isan undesirable process during the fabrication and storage of hardcandy, which begins if a nuclei crystal (crystal seed) is present [12].Slade and Levine [13] reported how the glass transition affectsvarious food properties. The key processes requiring understanding of the amorphous state and glass transitions of food systems arethose occurring at limited water contents [14]. Hence, the processof vitrification, which consists of the solidification to a glassy substanceduring the cooling of a liquid-like material, has relevantimportance in confectionary manufacturing plants, especially duringhard candy processing, due to the fact that these processes occurat low water contents. For instance, the water content range of hardลูกอมได้ประมาณจาก 1.5% เป็น 5% (w/w) ในบริบทนี้ ดังนั้นค่า Tg เป็นตัวแปรสำคัญในการออกแบบอย่างใดอย่างหนึ่ง หรือตรวจสอบน้ำต่ำกินเนื้อหากระบวนการอุตสาหกรรมFig. 1 schematically แสดงการดำเนินงานของหน่วยความจำเป็นสำหรับการกระบวนการผลิตลูกกวาด Fig. 2 แสดงอุโมงค์ระบายความร้อนซึ่งอุณหภูมิที่จำเป็นสำหรับการตัดและโครงสร้างฟิตถึงเอาเฉพาะพลังงานที่มีอยู่ในรูปแบบฮาร์ candies อุโมงค์มีท่ออากาศ 2(ทางเข้าและออก) การไหลของอากาศขาเข้าจะถูกกำหนดโดยการdeflector [D] ดังแสดงใน Fig. 2 อุโมงค์ประกอบด้วย 3สายพาน [CB] ซึ่งเป็นกลไกขับเคลื่อน ด้วยเครื่องยนต์เชื่อมต่อกับไดรฟ์สามารถปรับความถี่ [AFD] การเปลี่ยนแปลงเวลาพำนักของลูกอม
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
