vitrification requires high concentrations
of CPA, protocols using lower CPA concentrations
have been developed for traditional freezing
methods. Both cryopreservation approaches involve initial
equilibration of the cell suspension or tissue in the CPA solution
and dehydration with conventional slow freezing, much
of the equilibration and most of the dehydration only occurs
once ice forms outside cells, and it is this ice that concentrates
the extracellular solution and dehydrates the cells
(Agca, 2000; Mazur, 1996; Polge et al., 1949).