What is Test Weight? "Test weight" is simply a measure of grain bulk density. An official test weight measurement uses standardized equipment to determine the mass (weight) of a sample quart of grain, and then converts this to a pounds per volumetric bushel basis. Because transporting and storing lower density grain is more costly (on a weight basis), buyers discount grain if test weight is below the minimum standard set by the USDA (Table 1). In addition to density, test weight is affected by how kernels pack in a container, which is influenced by kernel shape and surface friction.