CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATION
Conclusions
Following are the general conclusion of this study:
There exists a cause/effect, direct and indirect relationship between principal’s leadership style and school outcome. An indirect one is where the principal’s leadership style influences the school’s environment which in turn impacts the school’s outcome.
The indirect principal leadership style and school outcome relationship seems to be the predominant one in the USA and Kuwait.
In the USA, an integrative principal leadership style promotes, encourages and creates cooperation and collaboration among the teachers more than the leadership of the authoritative principals. Consequently, schools with integrative principals achieve higher academic outcomes than schools with authoritative principals.
There is a difference in the principal’s leadership styles between Kuwait and the USA. Kuwait principals are characterized as authoritative leaders, while the USA principals are characteristically integrative in style.
In Kuwait, unlike in the USA, the authoritative principal’s leadership style was found to promote, encourage and create cooperation and collaboration among teachers, thus school’s high academic outcomes are achieved.
Culture has a significant impact on the principal’s leadership style. Principals in high power, distance cultures (such as Kuwait) exercise their authoritative role more than their interpersonal role.
There is not a universal and appropriate leadership style of principals for all schools and cultures. The appropriate principal leadership style depends on the culture in which the school exists.
CONCLUSIONS AND RECOMMENDATIONConclusionsFollowing are the general conclusion of this study: There exists a cause/effect, direct and indirect relationship between principal’s leadership style and school outcome. An indirect one is where the principal’s leadership style influences the school’s environment which in turn impacts the school’s outcome. The indirect principal leadership style and school outcome relationship seems to be the predominant one in the USA and Kuwait. In the USA, an integrative principal leadership style promotes, encourages and creates cooperation and collaboration among the teachers more than the leadership of the authoritative principals. Consequently, schools with integrative principals achieve higher academic outcomes than schools with authoritative principals. There is a difference in the principal’s leadership styles between Kuwait and the USA. Kuwait principals are characterized as authoritative leaders, while the USA principals are characteristically integrative in style. In Kuwait, unlike in the USA, the authoritative principal’s leadership style was found to promote, encourage and create cooperation and collaboration among teachers, thus school’s high academic outcomes are achieved. Culture has a significant impact on the principal’s leadership style. Principals in high power, distance cultures (such as Kuwait) exercise their authoritative role more than their interpersonal role. There is not a universal and appropriate leadership style of principals for all schools and cultures. The appropriate principal leadership style depends on the culture in which the school exists.
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