a questionnaire was used to collect information about smoking, alcohol consumption, habitual exercise, family history of diabetes, medical history of hypertension, dyslipidemia, diabetes, and the use of antidiabetic medication. Soft drink consumption, total energy intake (kcal/day), and
dietary fiber intake (g/day) were assessed using a self-administered diet history questionnaire (DHQ) [22]. The DHQ was developed for epidemiological studies in Japan