Magnetic separation was carried out primarily to remove iron-bearing minerals using either one of two types of magnetic separators. The Frantz isodynamic magnetic separator consists of an inclined channel, tilted to one side, which splits into two at the downslope end. The channel is encased in an electromagnet which exerts a magnetic attraction along its raised length. Minerals with a high magnetic susceptibility passing along the channel are attracted to the raised part and are thus separated from non-magnetic minerals. The Carpco high-intensity induced-roll magnetic separator consists of a laminated roll, composed of alternating layers of phosphored steel of different diameters giving the roll a serrated surface. A magnetic field, generated over the roll, concentrates on the raised parts of the serrated surface producing a high magnetic intensity. Mineral grains are fed onto the rotating roll via a vibratory hopper. Minerals with a magnetic susceptibility higher than a particular value will be attracted to the roll surface, whereas those with a lower susceptibility are thrown from the roll by its rotational momentum.