Following Fishbein (1963) and MacDuffie (1995), an additive approach
was used to calculate overall perception. MacDuffie insists that the summation
in the additive approach keeps a normal distribution, and that it is a less
rigid criterion for a bundle than a multiplicative approach, especially when a certain practice does not exist (or the perception of a certain practice is exceptionally
low). Table 1 shows the result of a factor analysis of these items. All
six employee perceptions were factored as one major factor, explaining 51.20
percent of the total variance. Reliability shows .79 among these variables, and
thus, an average was taken from these variables to represent the overall
perception. Distribution of the overall perception shows 1.04 to 5.94, with a
mean of 3.68.