Numerous marine microorganisms, including microalgae, bacteria, yeast, protists, dinoflagellates and filamentous fungi have been reported as producers of long chain PUFAs in marine environment.
Among them, only oleaginous organisms (microorganisms which produce more than 25% lipid on a dry cell weight basis) can be tailored to produce high amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA.
Marine protists and dinoflagellates have recently received much attention as potent producers of bioactive PUFAs.
Thraustochytrids, which belong to marine protists Labyrinthulomycetes containing higher level of DHA in fatty acid profile, has been identified as a potential strain.
A recent comprehensive article on Thraustochytrids reveals various plus points of these organisms to be developed as alternative producer of omega-3 fatty acids. Moreover, Schizochytrium spp., heterotrophic marine Thraustochytrids that have the ability to produce around 35%–40% of their total fatty acid as DHA, is currently cultured for commercial production of PUFA.
In addition, marine microalgae have also been identified as a rich source of long chain PUFAs where fatty acid content accounts for 10–20% of total biomass in some species.
PUFA content in marine microalgae is comparatively higher than that of fresh water microalgal species as marine microalgae produce higher amounts of PUFA to survive in marine environments.
Nannochloropsis spp., Porphyridium cruentum, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Chaetoceros calcitrans have been reported as the best EPA producing microalgae, while Isochrysis galbana and Cryptecodinium spp. are more suitable for extraction of DHA.
However, many algal species that have the ability to produce high amount of PUFA are obligate phototrophs and, in many cases, applying technologically advanced bioreactors for culturing those species make it cost-prohibitive for commercial production.
In this regard, heterotrophic algal species offer added advantage as they can be grown in conventional fermenters to achieve high biomass in the absence of light.
Numerous marine microorganisms, including microalgae, bacteria, yeast, protists, dinoflagellates and filamentous fungi have been reported as producers of long chain PUFAs in marine environment.
Among them, only oleaginous organisms (microorganisms which produce more than 25% lipid on a dry cell weight basis) can be tailored to produce high amounts of omega-3 fatty acids, particularly EPA and DHA.
Marine protists and dinoflagellates have recently received much attention as potent producers of bioactive PUFAs.
Thraustochytrids, which belong to marine protists Labyrinthulomycetes containing higher level of DHA in fatty acid profile, has been identified as a potential strain.
A recent comprehensive article on Thraustochytrids reveals various plus points of these organisms to be developed as alternative producer of omega-3 fatty acids. Moreover, Schizochytrium spp., heterotrophic marine Thraustochytrids that have the ability to produce around 35%–40% of their total fatty acid as DHA, is currently cultured for commercial production of PUFA.
In addition, marine microalgae have also been identified as a rich source of long chain PUFAs where fatty acid content accounts for 10–20% of total biomass in some species.
PUFA content in marine microalgae is comparatively higher than that of fresh water microalgal species as marine microalgae produce higher amounts of PUFA to survive in marine environments.
Nannochloropsis spp., Porphyridium cruentum, Phaeodactylum tricornutum and Chaetoceros calcitrans have been reported as the best EPA producing microalgae, while Isochrysis galbana and Cryptecodinium spp. are more suitable for extraction of DHA.
However, many algal species that have the ability to produce high amount of PUFA are obligate phototrophs and, in many cases, applying technologically advanced bioreactors for culturing those species make it cost-prohibitive for commercial production.
In this regard, heterotrophic algal species offer added advantage as they can be grown in conventional fermenters to achieve high biomass in the absence of light.
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