The scales used in this
study were tested for internal consistency using Cronbach’s Coefficient Alpha
(α) (Cronbach, 1951). Data obtained from first-year students indicated that both
the A-E and the EM-E scales were internally consistent (α=0.89 and α=0.93,
respectively). The scales were again found to be reliable when administered to
second-year CHE 205 students (A-E scale, α=0.80; EM-E scale, α=0.75).