Carbon in biomass: CO2 absorbed by photosynthesis in harvested chips, above ground and below ground stumps, and
coarse roots modeled over 21 years. The equivalent amount of CO2 stored in the poplar wood is calculated using the stoichiometric relationship of CO2to carbon of 3.66 kg kg 1 and a carbon mass fraction of 51.7% dry wood weight (Table 1b).
Poplar growth&harvesting: All technosphere processes associated with growing and harvesting poplar.
Includes direct land use change emissions.
Ancillary chemicals: All chemicals required for biorefinery operation except hydrogen production.
Hydrogen production: Steam methane reforming.
Transportation: Includes transportation of poplar from farm to biorefinery gate, transportation associated with all chemical inputs, and ethanol from the biorefineries to a distribution center.
Biorefinery: All operations performed, raw materials used, and emissions from each biorefinery.
Avoided production: Avoided production of electricity resulting from the production of excess electricity.
It is assumed that marginal electricity, created by natural gas combustion, will be displaced.
Ethanol use: Combustion of ethanol in a dedicated ethanol car.
Gasoline production and use: All processes, raw material use, and emissions associated with production and use of gasoline.
Carbon in biomass: CO2 absorbed by photosynthesis in harvested chips, above ground and below ground stumps, andcoarse roots modeled over 21 years. The equivalent amount of CO2 stored in the poplar wood is calculated using the stoichiometric relationship of CO2to carbon of 3.66 kg kg 1 and a carbon mass fraction of 51.7% dry wood weight (Table 1b).Poplar growth&harvesting: All technosphere processes associated with growing and harvesting poplar.Includes direct land use change emissions.Ancillary chemicals: All chemicals required for biorefinery operation except hydrogen production.Hydrogen production: Steam methane reforming.Transportation: Includes transportation of poplar from farm to biorefinery gate, transportation associated with all chemical inputs, and ethanol from the biorefineries to a distribution center.Biorefinery: All operations performed, raw materials used, and emissions from each biorefinery.Avoided production: Avoided production of electricity resulting from the production of excess electricity.It is assumed that marginal electricity, created by natural gas combustion, will be displaced.Ethanol use: Combustion of ethanol in a dedicated ethanol car.Gasoline production and use: All processes, raw material use, and emissions associated with production and use of gasoline.
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