Teniasis is an intestinal disease acquired by ingestion of viable Taenia solium larvae from pork, while cysticercosis is acquired by the ingestion of T. solium eggs. [1] Cysticercosis is endemic in many developing countries. [2] At any given time, up to 6% of the population in endemic regions may harbour adult T. solium tapeworms. [3] This study aims at estimating the burden of teniasis using a coproantigen assay, to determine the rate of worm expulsion after treatment and to study the risk factors for acquiring teniasis in a seizure free population from Kaniyambadi block of Vellore District, India.
The first phase of the stool sampling was done between March 2004 and January 2005. The sample size was estimated using a cluster based design with the expected proportion of teniasis being 20%, with a 5% precision and a design effect of two to detect intercluster variability. To ensure representativeness from different clusters, 20 clusters and 20 households per cluster were selected by employing a simple two stage cluster sampling technique. The second phase of stool sampling was conducted in the year 2008 by excluding the villages from the earlier phase. A total of 1025 early morning stool samples were collected from the study population aged between 2 and 60 years from the two phases. Coproantigen assay was used to diagnose cases of taeniasis. [4]
The prevalence of teniasis was 29.3/1000 population (95% confidence interval: 18.6-40) (30/1025) and the prevalence in the individual clusters ranged from 0 to 133/1000. The prevalence rates were 30.4/1000 (17.4-43.3) and 26.6/1000 (7.8-45.4) during the years 2004-2005 and 2008, respectively. The prevalence of teniasis among men was 37/1000 (20-53.3), and 21.5/1000 (8.5-34.5) among women, which was not statistically significant. Taenia solium proglottids were retrieved from 2 of the 24 persons treated with niclosamide, giving a worm expulsion rate of 20% (2/10) for the 10 persons in whom the treatment was given within 7 months after stool testing. The repeat coproantigen test done within a month of treatment was negative in all the 24 individuals. Exploratory data analysis looking at various risk factors for teniasis revealed an odds ratio of >1 (statistically not significant) for male gender, those educated up to primary school, people living in thatched or mud houses, those who were unemployed or doing unskilled work, the presence of free roaming pigs and history of pork consumption at the village level. Families with any other member having Neurocysticercosis had significantly higher burden of teniasis (33.3% vs. 2.8%) [Table 1].
Teniasis is an intestinal disease acquired by ingestion of viable Taenia solium larvae from pork, while cysticercosis is acquired by the ingestion of T. solium eggs. [1] Cysticercosis is endemic in many developing countries. [2] At any given time, up to 6% of the population in endemic regions may harbour adult T. solium tapeworms. [3] This study aims at estimating the burden of teniasis using a coproantigen assay, to determine the rate of worm expulsion after treatment and to study the risk factors for acquiring teniasis in a seizure free population from Kaniyambadi block of Vellore District, India.The first phase of the stool sampling was done between March 2004 and January 2005. The sample size was estimated using a cluster based design with the expected proportion of teniasis being 20%, with a 5% precision and a design effect of two to detect intercluster variability. To ensure representativeness from different clusters, 20 clusters and 20 households per cluster were selected by employing a simple two stage cluster sampling technique. The second phase of stool sampling was conducted in the year 2008 by excluding the villages from the earlier phase. A total of 1025 early morning stool samples were collected from the study population aged between 2 and 60 years from the two phases. Coproantigen assay was used to diagnose cases of taeniasis. [4] The prevalence of teniasis was 29.3/1000 population (95% confidence interval: 18.6-40) (30/1025) and the prevalence in the individual clusters ranged from 0 to 133/1000. The prevalence rates were 30.4/1000 (17.4-43.3) and 26.6/1000 (7.8-45.4) during the years 2004-2005 and 2008, respectively. The prevalence of teniasis among men was 37/1000 (20-53.3), and 21.5/1000 (8.5-34.5) among women, which was not statistically significant. Taenia solium proglottids were retrieved from 2 of the 24 persons treated with niclosamide, giving a worm expulsion rate of 20% (2/10) for the 10 persons in whom the treatment was given within 7 months after stool testing. The repeat coproantigen test done within a month of treatment was negative in all the 24 individuals. Exploratory data analysis looking at various risk factors for teniasis revealed an odds ratio of >1 (statistically not significant) for male gender, those educated up to primary school, people living in thatched or mud houses, those who were unemployed or doing unskilled work, the presence of free roaming pigs and history of pork consumption at the village level. Families with any other member having Neurocysticercosis had significantly higher burden of teniasis (33.3% vs. 2.8%) [Table 1].
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