A general architecture for combining semantic web techniques with Intelligent Tutoring Systems was proposed and a specific implementation of this architecture for adaptive hints was described [48]. Fig. 3 shows this architecture, where the graph has been adapted from [48] for a better understanding of this case study. The learner model provides information about the learner knowledge level in each of the different course topics. The IEEE-PAPI specification is used for describing it. Next, there is an example for describing the students’ knowledge level for the errorCode and closeRemoveSem course topics of Interprocess communication. The following description states that the student has a performance level of 0 in the errorCode concept, while a 9 in the closeRemoveSem concept.