Arabidopsis has two such genes, with different functions, one of which (GORDITA) is particularly involved in fruit growth, as shown by study of the loss-of-function gordita mutant (Prasad et al. 2010). In Ginkgo, a B-sister gene is expressed in seed-derived fruit-like structures, indicating that the gene may be involved in their formation. Taxus differs from Gingko in that the red fleshy structure surrounding the seed is an aril, forming de novo after ovule fertilization (Lovisetto et al. 2013).