the organization seeks to gain support for its own policies and position. However, as Selznick points out, “the use of formal cooptation by a leadership does not envision the transfer of actual power” (p.14). The organization does not, therefore, offer control, for to do so would be tantamount to handing over the organization to outsiders. Selznick sees the special role of the organization’s top leadership as dealing with the institutional character of the group. “The art of the creative leader is the art of institution building, the reworking of human and technological materials to fashion an organism that embodies new and enduring values” (Selznick, 1957, pp. 152-153).