. Kawa-Rygielska and
Pietrzak [13] studied the possibility of using waste bread showing
high level of surface mould contamination for ethanol production,
this resulted in a decrease of ethanol yield in comparison to non
contaminated material (ca. 230–250 g kgÀ1 depending on the raw
material loading in the fermentation feed). The other possibilities
for waste bread utilization via biotechnological processes are in
example: solid state fermentation by Aspergillus awamori for pro-
duction of amylases and proteases [14], biohydrogen production
using rhizosphere microflora [15], succinic acid production by Acti-
nobacillus succinogenes [16] or aromatic compounds production by
Geotrichum candidum [17].