Thermal properties of native and modified rice starch determined by DSC: onset T, peak T, conclusion gelatinization temperatures t, and gelatinization enthalpy (H(J/g)) are shown in Table 2-4. It was found that onset temperature of native rice starch was 71.64 C. The onset temperature of modified rice starch prepared from the reaction of rice starch with 1% STMP, 4% STPP, or combination of 1% STMP and 4% STPP with various reaction times provided higher value than that of native rice starch during the first period (7.5 min - 30 min) and lower than that of native rice starch during the last period (ุ60 min - 120 min) of reaction time. However, the combined reaction of 1% STMP and 4% STPP provided the lowest onset temperature at the reaction time of 60 min and 120 min.