a bilingual manager at one of the participating hotels validated the spanish translation by back-translating it into english.
when they finished, they placed their questionnaires in large collection envelopes as a means of further ensuring their anonymity. most participants again completed the questionnaire under similar conditions. by asking that participants fill in blanks asking for their middle names and mothers'maiden names,we were able to ensure some level of anonymity,but still to identify 91 participants at follow-up. those 91 surveys enabled us to estimate the test-retest reliability of the OAI.