K. Viet Hung, L.T. Huyen / IATSS Research 34 (2011) 87–93
Accidents Fatality Injury
Fig. 1. Road Traffic Accidents in Vietnam (1990–2006).
Source: National Traffic Safety Committee (NTSC).
0.17 in Thailand and 0.02 in Malaysia (2000). Fairly constant fatalities
from 2002 to 2006, in contrast to rapidly declining accidents and
injuries in the same period, also point to statistical inconsistency.
Significant under-reporting of accidents and injuries are suspected,
relative to the number of fatalities, which should be more reliable.
Table 1 shows the composition of traffic accidents by cause from
2002 to 2006. Most road traffic accidents in Vietnam are caused by
road users' errors, among which speeding is the primary cause,
accounting for 25%. Road infrastructure, especially national highways,
has improved significantly in the last decade, but drivers' mindsets
have not changed accordingly. As a result, road users tend to speed up
on highways with relatively little traffic. Unsafe overtaking by trucks,
buses and passenger cars expose low-speed vehicles, such as
motorcycles and bicycles, to great risk in a mixed traffic situation.
Under these circumstances, strict enforcement of traffic rules and
effective traffic education of road users are crucial in reducing traffic
accidents. In addition, physical measures such as improvement of
surface conditions, paving of shoulders, re-designing of roads, and
installation of traffic signs and signals are also necessary.
However, so far, research on unsafe behaviors in Vietnam just stops
at using statistical data from analyzing police accident reports, though
the original documents are normally very difficult to access due to
security and legislation issues. Moreover, analysis results from accident
reports depend very much on subjective and qualitative evaluations,
forcing traffic engineering experts to use only secondary data.
There may be several reasons leading to a traffic accident.
Inadequate infrastructure network is now considered to be one of
the biggest reasons for traffic accidents. However, the problem is to
find out whether it is worth investing in constructing and/or
upgrading road networks. Sometimes, newly-built roads allow drivers
to reach very high speeds, resulting in more serious traffic accidents.
Almost other related elements in the whole road traffic system (such
Table 1
Traffic accidents by cause (2002–2006).
Source: Road and Rail Transport Division, MOPS.
Causes Proportion (%)
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
1. Speeding 24.4 24.1 26.0 25.8 24.8
2. Unsafe overtaking 18.9 16.8 15.8 12.7 13.7
3. Unsafe lane shifting 17.0 17.6 16.5 16.7 18.0
4. Turning without turn signal 4.1 3.4 2.4 1.6 1.7
5. Crossing intersection on red signal 1.1 0.1 1.7 0.6 0.2
6. Not keeping safe distance 6.9 0.9 2.4 1.8 0.4
7. Careless driving 15.9 12.1 8.1 10.0 8.2
8. Careless crossing of pedestrians 0.7 2.3 2.9 3.2 2.6
9. Others 11.0 22.7 24.2 27.6 30.4
as public transport, vehicle quality, traffic management and opera-
tion) are facing such inappropriate problems with the significant
increase in demand for mobility. The current unbalanced state of the
traffic system can be seen in the amount of traffic congestion and
serious accidents. At the moment, road users in Vietnam are also not
qualified enough to adapt to the current situation of modern and
advanced developments in the road traffic system.
Traditional methodologies mostly focus on single effects of causal
parameters of unsafe traffic situations. For example, in most of
statistical reports on traffic safety in Vietnam, it is written “Speeding
behavior has the highest percentage in all causes of traffic conflicts
and/or accidents.” However, in most cases traffic accidents are not the
result of just a single reason. If a driver drives at a very high speed, but
he concentrates very much on his task of driving, and if there is no
unexpected obstacle (a crossing vehicle, road sliding surface, etc.),
then the probability of a traffic conflict or accident is rather low (may
be equal to zero). Analyzing the impacts different parameters have on
traffic safety as well as their interacting effects can be clarified only by
the modular structural approach of risk-based methodologies.
2. Behaviors of violating traffic regulations
Causes of road traffic accidents include a high increase of
registered vehicles, irrelevant infrastructure (as the mobility demand
increases at a rapid pace), dangerous mixed traffic flow, traffic safety
education and training without expected results, and irregular
enforcement. It is reported that many serious accidents are caused
by mixed traffic flow (with participants of different types of vehicles
of varying sizes), in which drivers drive in the wrong lane, causing
delays in average traffic flow speed as well as reducing road traffic
capacity. Among those factors, driver behavior is reported to be the
main cause of traffic accidents. Road user error includes speeding,
unsafe overtaking, drunk driving, poor road observation, and misuse
of lanes and pedestrian behavior.
The National Traffic Safety Committee has estimated an annual
average of 11,909 fatalities due to road traffic accidents in Vietnam
which is equivalent to 33 deaths every day. Human error is deemed to
be the major contributing factor to road traffic accidents. Recent
statistical records from the police and NTSC indicating personal injury
accidents (an accident that occurred with no involvement of a second
or third party) have been significantly increasing as well as the
number of traffic violations. Reports from the conclude that the major
cause leading to traffic accidents is the fact that traffic participants
disobey traffic rules and regulations especially in respect to traffic
safety and operation management. The number of accidents due to
technical safety of vehicles is under 1%, while those due to
infrastructure is approximately 1.8%. Unsafe behavior of traffic
participants causes nearly 97%, whereas 73% are from motorcyclists.
Automobile drivers cause 24% of accident cases, but most are
particularly serious (from interprovincial buses, container trucks,
etc.).
Interestingly, while the number of violators has gradually
decreased in urban cities (e.g., the majority of motorcycle riders in
Hanoi now wear helmets after enforcement of the helmet law took
effect on December 15, 2007), the number of violators in suburban
and remote or mountainous areas has increased. This therefore only
proves that law enforcement is the key element in controlling traffic
violation. But at the same time, traffic safety education plays an
essential role in the enhancement of traffic safety measures.
Based on analyzing the current situation and collecting experts'
opinions (as mentioned above), a survey on driver attitudes towards
legislation was conducted in Vietnam in September, 2008, in order to
determinethecauses of suchtraffic ruleviolations. The survey brings to
light two attitudes: that of imitation, and the tendency to avoid
congestions.
K. Viet Hung, L.T. Huyen / IATSS Research 34 (2011) 87–93 Accidents Fatality InjuryFig. 1. Road Traffic Accidents in Vietnam (1990–2006).Source: National Traffic Safety Committee (NTSC).0.17 in Thailand and 0.02 in Malaysia (2000). Fairly constant fatalitiesfrom 2002 to 2006, in contrast to rapidly declining accidents andinjuries in the same period, also point to statistical inconsistency.Significant under-reporting of accidents and injuries are suspected,relative to the number of fatalities, which should be more reliable.Table 1 shows the composition of traffic accidents by cause from2002 to 2006. Most road traffic accidents in Vietnam are caused byroad users' errors, among which speeding is the primary cause,accounting for 25%. Road infrastructure, especially national highways,has improved significantly in the last decade, but drivers' mindsetshave not changed accordingly. As a result, road users tend to speed upon highways with relatively little traffic. Unsafe overtaking by trucks,buses and passenger cars expose low-speed vehicles, such asmotorcycles and bicycles, to great risk in a mixed traffic situation.Under these circumstances, strict enforcement of traffic rules andeffective traffic education of road users are crucial in reducing trafficaccidents. In addition, physical measures such as improvement ofsurface conditions, paving of shoulders, re-designing of roads, andยังจำเป็นต้องมีการติดตั้งเครื่องหมายจราจรและสัญญาณอย่างไรก็ตาม จน วิจัยพฤติกรรมไม่ปลอดภัยในเวียดนามเพียงหยุดที่ใช้ข้อมูลทางสถิติจากการวิเคราะห์รายงานอุบัติเหตุตำรวจ แม้ว่าต้นฉบับยากปกติมากถึงครบกำหนดปัญหาความปลอดภัยและกฎหมาย นอกจากนี้ การวิเคราะห์ผลจากอุบัติเหตุรายงานมากขึ้นอยู่กับประเมินตามอัตวิสัย และเชิงคุณภาพบังคับให้ผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านวิศวกรรมจราจรจะใช้ข้อมูลรองอาจมีหลายสาเหตุที่นำไปสู่อุบัติเหตุจราจรเครือข่ายโครงสร้างพื้นฐานไม่เพียงพอจะถือเป็นหนึ่งสาเหตุที่ใหญ่ที่สุดของอุบัติเหตุจราจร อย่างไรก็ตาม ปัญหาจะพบว่ามีมูลค่าการลงทุนก่อสร้าง และ/หรือปรับปรุงเครือข่ายถนน บางครั้ง ถนนที่สร้างขึ้นใหม่ให้โปรแกรมควบคุมไปถึงความเร็วสูง การเกิดอุบัติเหตุจราจรรุนแรงมากขึ้นเกือบอื่น ๆ องค์ประกอบที่เกี่ยวข้องในระบบการจราจรของถนนทั้งหมด (เช่นตารางที่ 1อุบัติเหตุจราจรตามสาเหตุ (2002-2006)ที่มา: ถนนและฝ่ายขนส่งรถไฟ MOPSทำให้สัดส่วน (%)2002 2003 2004 2005 20061. เพิ่ม 24.4 24.1 26.0 25.8 24.82. ปลอดภัยขบวน 18.9 16.8 15.8 12.7 13.73. ปลอดภัยเลนขยับ 17.0 17.6 16.5 16.7 18.04. เลี้ยวโดยไม่เปิดสัญญาณ 4.1 3.4 2.4 1.6 1.75. ข้ามสี่แยกบนแดงสัญญาณ 1.1 0.1 1.7 0.6 0.26. ไม่รักษาระยะห่างที่ปลอดภัย 6.9 0.9 2.4 1.8 0.47. สะเพร่าขับ 15.9 12.1 8.1 10.0 8.28. ข้ามสะเพร่าของชิด 0.7 2.3 2.9 3.2 2.69. อื่น ๆ 11.0 22.7 24.2 27.6 30.4 ระบบขนส่งสาธารณะ รถคุณภาพ การจัดการจราจร และโอเปร่า-สเตรชัน) กำลังเผชิญกับปัญหาดังกล่าวไม่เหมาะสม ด้วยสำคัญเพิ่มความต้องการความคล่องตัว ปัจจุบันจำนวนรัฐสามารถมองเห็นระบบการจราจรจำนวนการจราจรที่ติดขัด และอุบัติเหตุร้ายแรง ในขณะนี้ ผู้ใช้ถนนในเวียดนามจะยังไม่มีคุณสมบัติพอที่จะปรับให้เข้ากับสถานการณ์ในปัจจุบันทันสมัย และพัฒนาขั้นสูงในระบบการจราจรของถนนวิธีการแบบดั้งเดิมส่วนใหญ่เน้นผลหนึ่งของสาเหตุพารามิเตอร์ของสถานการณ์ไม่ปลอดภัยจราจร ตัวอย่าง ในส่วนใหญ่รายงานสถิติการจราจรเพื่อความปลอดภัยในเวียดนาม ก็จะเขียน "เร่งลักษณะการทำงานมีเปอร์เซ็นต์สูงสุดในทุกสาเหตุของความขัดแย้งในการจราจรและ/หรืออุบัติเหตุ" อย่างไรก็ตาม ในกรณีส่วนใหญ่ อุบัติเหตุทางจราจรอยู่ผลลัพธ์เพียงสาเหตุเดียว ถ้าโปรแกรมควบคุมขับที่ความเร็วสูงมาก แต่เขามุ่งเน้นอย่างมากในงานของเขาขับรถ และถ้าไม่อุปสรรคที่ไม่คาดคิด (รถข้าม ถนนเลื่อนผิว ฯลฯ),แล้วความน่าเป็นความขัดแย้งในการจราจรหรืออุบัติเหตุจะค่อนข้างต่ำ (อาจได้เท่ากับศูนย์) วิเคราะห์ผลกระทบที่มีพารามิเตอร์ต่าง ๆ ในสามารถขึ้จราจรความปลอดภัยตลอดจนผล interacting ของพวกเขาโดยเฉพาะวิธีโครงสร้างโมดูลาร์ของความเสี่ยงตามหลักสูตร2. พฤติกรรมของการฝ่าฝืนกฎจราจรสาเหตุของอุบัติเหตุทางจราจรถนนรวมถึงการเพิ่มขึ้นสูงของregistered vehicles, irrelevant infrastructure (as the mobility demandincreases at a rapid pace), dangerous mixed traffic flow, traffic safetyeducation and training without expected results, and irregularenforcement. It is reported that many serious accidents are causedby mixed traffic flow (with participants of different types of vehiclesof varying sizes), in which drivers drive in the wrong lane, causingdelays in average traffic flow speed as well as reducing road trafficcapacity. Among those factors, driver behavior is reported to be themain cause of traffic accidents. Road user error includes speeding,unsafe overtaking, drunk driving, poor road observation, and misuseof lanes and pedestrian behavior.The National Traffic Safety Committee has estimated an annualaverage of 11,909 fatalities due to road traffic accidents in Vietnamwhich is equivalent to 33 deaths every day. Human error is deemed tobe the major contributing factor to road traffic accidents. Recentstatistical records from the police and NTSC indicating personal injuryaccidents (an accident that occurred with no involvement of a secondor third party) have been significantly increasing as well as thenumber of traffic violations. Reports from the conclude that the majorcause leading to traffic accidents is the fact that traffic participantsdisobey traffic rules and regulations especially in respect to trafficsafety and operation management. The number of accidents due toความปลอดภัยทางเทคนิคของรถยนต์คือต่ำกว่า 1% ก็เนื่องโครงสร้างพื้นฐานเป็นประมาณ 1.8% ลักษณะการทำงานที่ไม่ปลอดภัยของการจราจรผู้เรียนทำให้เกือบ 97% ในขณะที่ 73% มาจากระบบ24% ของกรณีอุบัติเหตุทำให้ควบคุมรถยนต์ แต่ส่วนใหญ่เป็นร้ายแรงโดยเฉพาะ (จาก interprovincial รถบัส รถบรรทุกตู้คอนเทนเนอร์ฯลฯ)เป็นเรื่องน่าสนใจ ขณะจำนวนผู้ฝ่าฝืนได้ค่อย ๆลดลง (เช่น ส่วนใหญ่ของผู้ขับขี่รถจักรยานยนต์ในเมืองเมืองฮานอยสวม helmets ให้ทันทีหลังจากเอาหน่วยงานบังคับใช้กฎหมายหมวกนิรภัยผล 15 ธันวาคม 2007), จำนวนผู้ฝ่าฝืนในชานเมืองและมีเพิ่มพื้นที่ภูเขา หรือระยะไกล ดังนี้เท่านั้นพิสูจน์ว่ากฎหมายองค์ประกอบสำคัญในการควบคุมการจราจรมีการละเมิด แต่ในเวลาเดียวกัน จราจรความปลอดภัยการศึกษาบทละครบทบาทสำคัญในการเพิ่มประสิทธิภาพของมาตรการความปลอดภัยจราจรวิเคราะห์สถานการณ์ปัจจุบัน และรวบรวมผู้เชี่ยวชาญด้านความคิดเห็น (ดังกล่าวข้างต้น) การสำรวจเกี่ยวกับการควบคุมทัศนคติกฎหมายได้ดำเนินการในเวียดนามในเดือนกันยายน 2551 เพื่อdeterminethecauses ของ suchtraffic ruleviolations นำแบบสำรวจแสงสองทัศนคติ: ของเทียม และแนวโน้มที่จะหลีกเลี่ยงcongestions
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
K. Viet Hung, L.T. Huyen / IATSS Research 34 (2011) 87–93
Accidents Fatality Injury
Fig. 1. Road Traffic Accidents in Vietnam (1990–2006).
Source: National Traffic Safety Committee (NTSC).
0.17 in Thailand and 0.02 in Malaysia (2000). Fairly constant fatalities
from 2002 to 2006, in contrast to rapidly declining accidents and
injuries in the same period, also point to statistical inconsistency.
Significant under-reporting of accidents and injuries are suspected,
relative to the number of fatalities, which should be more reliable.
Table 1 shows the composition of traffic accidents by cause from
2002 to 2006. Most road traffic accidents in Vietnam are caused by
road users' errors, among which speeding is the primary cause,
accounting for 25%. Road infrastructure, especially national highways,
has improved significantly in the last decade, but drivers' mindsets
have not changed accordingly. As a result, road users tend to speed up
on highways with relatively little traffic. Unsafe overtaking by trucks,
buses and passenger cars expose low-speed vehicles, such as
motorcycles and bicycles, to great risk in a mixed traffic situation.
Under these circumstances, strict enforcement of traffic rules and
effective traffic education of road users are crucial in reducing traffic
accidents. In addition, physical measures such as improvement of
surface conditions, paving of shoulders, re-designing of roads, and
installation of traffic signs and signals are also necessary.
However, so far, research on unsafe behaviors in Vietnam just stops
at using statistical data from analyzing police accident reports, though
the original documents are normally very difficult to access due to
security and legislation issues. Moreover, analysis results from accident
reports depend very much on subjective and qualitative evaluations,
forcing traffic engineering experts to use only secondary data.
There may be several reasons leading to a traffic accident.
Inadequate infrastructure network is now considered to be one of
the biggest reasons for traffic accidents. However, the problem is to
find out whether it is worth investing in constructing and/or
upgrading road networks. Sometimes, newly-built roads allow drivers
to reach very high speeds, resulting in more serious traffic accidents.
Almost other related elements in the whole road traffic system (such
Table 1
Traffic accidents by cause (2002–2006).
Source: Road and Rail Transport Division, MOPS.
Causes Proportion (%)
2002 2003 2004 2005 2006
1. Speeding 24.4 24.1 26.0 25.8 24.8
2. Unsafe overtaking 18.9 16.8 15.8 12.7 13.7
3. Unsafe lane shifting 17.0 17.6 16.5 16.7 18.0
4. Turning without turn signal 4.1 3.4 2.4 1.6 1.7
5. Crossing intersection on red signal 1.1 0.1 1.7 0.6 0.2
6. Not keeping safe distance 6.9 0.9 2.4 1.8 0.4
7. Careless driving 15.9 12.1 8.1 10.0 8.2
8. Careless crossing of pedestrians 0.7 2.3 2.9 3.2 2.6
9. Others 11.0 22.7 24.2 27.6 30.4
as public transport, vehicle quality, traffic management and opera-
tion) are facing such inappropriate problems with the significant
increase in demand for mobility. The current unbalanced state of the
traffic system can be seen in the amount of traffic congestion and
serious accidents. At the moment, road users in Vietnam are also not
qualified enough to adapt to the current situation of modern and
advanced developments in the road traffic system.
Traditional methodologies mostly focus on single effects of causal
parameters of unsafe traffic situations. For example, in most of
statistical reports on traffic safety in Vietnam, it is written “Speeding
behavior has the highest percentage in all causes of traffic conflicts
and/or accidents.” However, in most cases traffic accidents are not the
result of just a single reason. If a driver drives at a very high speed, but
he concentrates very much on his task of driving, and if there is no
unexpected obstacle (a crossing vehicle, road sliding surface, etc.),
then the probability of a traffic conflict or accident is rather low (may
be equal to zero). Analyzing the impacts different parameters have on
traffic safety as well as their interacting effects can be clarified only by
the modular structural approach of risk-based methodologies.
2. Behaviors of violating traffic regulations
Causes of road traffic accidents include a high increase of
registered vehicles, irrelevant infrastructure (as the mobility demand
increases at a rapid pace), dangerous mixed traffic flow, traffic safety
education and training without expected results, and irregular
enforcement. It is reported that many serious accidents are caused
by mixed traffic flow (with participants of different types of vehicles
of varying sizes), in which drivers drive in the wrong lane, causing
delays in average traffic flow speed as well as reducing road traffic
capacity. Among those factors, driver behavior is reported to be the
main cause of traffic accidents. Road user error includes speeding,
unsafe overtaking, drunk driving, poor road observation, and misuse
of lanes and pedestrian behavior.
The National Traffic Safety Committee has estimated an annual
average of 11,909 fatalities due to road traffic accidents in Vietnam
which is equivalent to 33 deaths every day. Human error is deemed to
be the major contributing factor to road traffic accidents. Recent
statistical records from the police and NTSC indicating personal injury
accidents (an accident that occurred with no involvement of a second
or third party) have been significantly increasing as well as the
number of traffic violations. Reports from the conclude that the major
cause leading to traffic accidents is the fact that traffic participants
disobey traffic rules and regulations especially in respect to traffic
safety and operation management. The number of accidents due to
technical safety of vehicles is under 1%, while those due to
infrastructure is approximately 1.8%. Unsafe behavior of traffic
participants causes nearly 97%, whereas 73% are from motorcyclists.
Automobile drivers cause 24% of accident cases, but most are
particularly serious (from interprovincial buses, container trucks,
etc.).
Interestingly, while the number of violators has gradually
decreased in urban cities (e.g., the majority of motorcycle riders in
Hanoi now wear helmets after enforcement of the helmet law took
effect on December 15, 2007), the number of violators in suburban
and remote or mountainous areas has increased. This therefore only
proves that law enforcement is the key element in controlling traffic
violation. But at the same time, traffic safety education plays an
essential role in the enhancement of traffic safety measures.
Based on analyzing the current situation and collecting experts'
opinions (as mentioned above), a survey on driver attitudes towards
legislation was conducted in Vietnam in September, 2008, in order to
determinethecauses of suchtraffic ruleviolations. The survey brings to
light two attitudes: that of imitation, and the tendency to avoid
congestions.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..