4. Waste-to-energy (WTE) conversions
The production of energy from waste is not a new concept, thought it is a field that requires serious attention. Various
energy conversion technologies are available. The selection, however, is based on the physicochemical properties of the
waste, both the type and quantity of the available waste feedstock, and the form of energy desired. The conversion of solid
waste to energy can be undertaken with three main process technologies: biochemical extraction, thermochemical
extraction, and mechanical extraction [9].
4.1. Biochemical conversion
Biochemical conversion processes make use of the enzymes in bacteria and other microorganisms to breakdown
biomass. This process is one of the few processes that provide environmentally friendly direction for obtaining energy fuel
from MSWs [10,11]. In most cases, microorganisms are used to perform the conversion process by using anaerobic digestion
with combined heat, hydrogen, and power system (CHHP) and fermentation. Digester and biogas production are shown in
Fig. 4-a [12–15]. Fermentation is used commercially, on a large scale, in various countries, to produce ethanol from sugar
crops. This method produces diluted alcohols that must be distilled.
4. Waste-to-energy (WTE) conversions
The production of energy from waste is not a new concept, thought it is a field that requires serious attention. Various
energy conversion technologies are available. The selection, however, is based on the physicochemical properties of the
waste, both the type and quantity of the available waste feedstock, and the form of energy desired. The conversion of solid
waste to energy can be undertaken with three main process technologies: biochemical extraction, thermochemical
extraction, and mechanical extraction [9].
4.1. Biochemical conversion
Biochemical conversion processes make use of the enzymes in bacteria and other microorganisms to breakdown
biomass. This process is one of the few processes that provide environmentally friendly direction for obtaining energy fuel
from MSWs [10,11]. In most cases, microorganisms are used to perform the conversion process by using anaerobic digestion
with combined heat, hydrogen, and power system (CHHP) and fermentation. Digester and biogas production are shown in
Fig. 4-a [12–15]. Fermentation is used commercially, on a large scale, in various countries, to produce ethanol from sugar
crops. This method produces diluted alcohols that must be distilled.
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