Figure 2. Scores to Likert Scale Questionnaire Items by Group
In response to the open-ended question, only five of the video group thought that the audio would have been better. In contrast, 12 members of the audio group thought that video would have been better. Only eight members of the audio group thought that the video would be worse, whereas 13 members of the video group thought that the audio would be worse. Ten members of the video group responded that they were not sure, gave unclear answers, or said they thought the two delivery methods were equal. This also happened in six cases in the audio group.
Of the participants that thought video was better, 12 indicated that seeing the mouth movements was helpful for understanding how the sounds were made. One participant wrote, “I think would’ve been worse. I could learn how lips are different when pronounce different vowels through video.” Interestingly, one participant even made a comment similar to the dual processing theory. He said, “[Video is better] because they use two senses to gain the knowledge.” This utilization of visual cues was also mentioned as a limitation by the participants who thought audio would be more useful. Three participants mentioned that because they could get the answers by looking at the different visual cues, audio would be better training. Four other participants answered more generally that because the goal was to improve listening, audio would be better. One participant said, “[Video is] worse. This activity is focus on listening. The audio is focus on listening. The video might make people focus on the screen.” Also, two participants specifically mentioned that they thought the video would be distracting.
Although most of the participants responded to the question of which medium is better in terms of improvement four participants responded in terms of appeal. They stated that the video would be better because it is more interesting (two from each group). One participant stated, “I think video must be more interesting and attractive than just audio files.”
In response to the question, “How do you think this training could be improved?” the most common response was that the training needed more difficult items and activities (six for video group and seven for audio group). Also, the next most common comment for each group was that the training needed more items and questions. Interestingly, although in the previous question, four people indicated that the video would be more interesting, more people in the video group indicated that the training could be improved by making it more interesting. Another interesting finding was that two members of the audio group wanted clearer directions, but none of the video group members indicated this. Finally, one member from each group indicated that they wanted personalized feedback from the training.