Furthermore, it was recently shown that cal- cium may be released from biologically induced concrete corrosion (O’Connell et al., 2010; Bielefeldt et al., 2010), and FOG deposits, which display adhesive, grainy and sandstone-like texture, can be formed as a result of a saponification reaction between fatty acids and calcium ions and lead to undesirable sewer line blockages (He et al., 2011).