Cotton, a natural cellulosic fibre, is the most common textile
fibre in the world as it possesses many useful characteristics
such as comfort, it is soft to the hand, has good
absorbency, colour retention, good strength and machinewashable.
Natural cellulose fibres are negatively charged due
to the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups [9]. Cotton
can be easily dyed but the celluloseedye bond is not very
strong. The pretreatment of cotton to enhance its dye adsorption
using commercial cationic agents such as Matexil FC-PN,
Matexil FC-ER and Solfix E has been explored; it was found
that such pretreatment increased the colour strength of the
dyeing and improved wash fastness [10,11]. Courtaulds and
Clariant (formally Sandoz) have developed the Sandene process
using ‘‘Sandene 8425’’ in which the cellulosic fibres
are modified with a cationic polymer under basic conditions
to enhance cotton dyeability with anionic dyes [12,13]. In
this interest, it has been recently reported that polyethylene
(imine) has acted as non-metal mordanting agent to link lac
dye with cotton via ioneion interactions [14].
In the previous part of this paper [15], which examined the
enhancement effect of ultrasonic power on both lac dye extractability
and wool fibres dyeability with the extracts, it
Cotton, a natural cellulosic fibre, is the most common textilefibre in the world as it possesses many useful characteristicssuch as comfort, it is soft to the hand, has goodabsorbency, colour retention, good strength and machinewashable.Natural cellulose fibres are negatively charged dueto the presence of carboxyl and hydroxyl groups [9]. Cottoncan be easily dyed but the celluloseedye bond is not verystrong. The pretreatment of cotton to enhance its dye adsorptionusing commercial cationic agents such as Matexil FC-PN,Matexil FC-ER and Solfix E has been explored; it was foundthat such pretreatment increased the colour strength of thedyeing and improved wash fastness [10,11]. Courtaulds andClariant (formally Sandoz) have developed the Sandene processusing ‘‘Sandene 8425’’ in which the cellulosic fibresare modified with a cationic polymer under basic conditionsto enhance cotton dyeability with anionic dyes [12,13]. Inthis interest, it has been recently reported that polyethylene(imine) has acted as non-metal mordanting agent to link lacdye with cotton via ioneion interactions [14].In the previous part of this paper [15], which examined theenhancement effect of ultrasonic power on both lac dye extractabilityand wool fibres dyeability with the extracts, it
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