Lignocellulose usually consists of cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin. Cellulose and hemicellulose can be changed to sugars by biological and chemical conversion, and the sugars can be fermented to ethanol or other valuable chemicals. However, lignin is an inhibitor of the enzyme reaction, as it not only prevents cellulose from forming cellulose but also adsorbs enzyme, making it inactive for cellulose hydrolysis.