II. LITERATURE REVIEWS
The Conceptual Model on Smart Phone Addiction among
Early Childhood
Cheol Park and Ye Rang Park
International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, Vol. 4, No. 2, March 2014
DOI: 10.7763/IJSSH.2014.V4.336 147
There are several studies about smart phone addiction
among adults [1]-[3]. However, researches related to studies
regarding smart phone addiction among early childhood are
hardly found both domestically and abroad [4]. Because
these phenomena are recently spread, there are some articles
about it [5], [6], but few academic reports are reported.
However, similarly, several researches related to internet
addiction among children [7]-[21] or researches related to
game addiction [14], [22]-[26] were found quite a lot.
Jung and Ha has studied about the effects of stress and
emotional expression that affect smart phone addiction
among elementary school students [4]. In this research, they
found out that the higher the stress related to studying and the
negative emotional expression was, the higher the smart
phone addiction rate was. Kang and Park developed smart
phone addiction rating scale and verified it [22]. As a result,
smart phone addiction and depression, anxiety, impulsiveness,
and lack of control showed significant relationship. Lee said
that the factor that affects smart phone addiction is habitual
overuse due to smart phone's convenience and playfulness,
which leads to life problems [3].
Therefore, this research will divide the antecedents of
smart phone addiction among early childhood into parental
variables and child variables, and look at consequences that
smart phone addiction has on children's mental and physical
development.
III. A PROPOSED MODEL
Fig. 1 shows our proposed model on smart phone addiction