11.6 Physical methods of analysis
Environmental engineers and scientists often employ other methods of analysis that are based upon physical measurements. Sensitive instruments are frequently employed to make these measurements. Such instruments not only allow rapid measurements to be made, but permit identification of both organic and inorganic materials occurring in extremely small concentration. Instrumental methods are also adaptable for the continuous monitoring of rivers and waste streams so that significant fluctuations in concentration can be recorded for evaluation. Because of their Importance, a separate chapter (Chap. 12) is included in this book to describe the various instrumental methods of particular value