the majority of the local population has to put up with the disadvantages brought on by the loss of control over their own communities" (Krippendorf 1987:45,55). In this situation, the exchange relationship is unbalanced, residents feel exploited, and it is likely they will develop negative attitudes.
If a community is an existing popular holiday destination area with strong planning (e.g., zoning regulations and design standards) and management control measures, it is in a power-advantage position, because a tourism operator is placed in a position of dependency. A tourism operator who proposes to enter the area with a product or service must comply with these controls in order to proceed with the project. Assuming the project proceeds and generates income for the new tourism operator and the community, the operator establishes credibility and a reputation within the community. When this occurs, the dependence of the tourism operator decreases as resident actors accept the presence of the operator in the community and share in the benefits.
Should a tourism operator consider the planning and management controls to be onerous but still proceed with the project, the company is likely to feel some loss of control over its destiny and a sense of being taken advantage of by the community; thus, an unbalanced exchange relationship exists. In this situation, the tourism operator is likely to develop negative attitudes about the arrangement. If the controls are considered unreasonable and are perceived to affect the project's feasibility, the tourism operator could withdraw the project and look elsewhere. Hence, no exchange takes place. This discussions suggests that:
If the host and tourism actors are in a balanced relation, initiation of the exchange relationship by either actor is equally probable (Proposition 6a).
If the host and tourism actors are in an unbalanced relation, the more dependent of the actors will be the more frequent initiator (Proposition 6b).
When the form of the exchange relation is cohesive and the level of power for both actors is high, host actors' perceptions toward tourism will be positive
(Proposition 6c).
When the form of the exchange relation is cohesive and the level of power for both actors is low, host actors' perceptions toward tourism will be negative
(Proposition 6d).
Wizen the form of the relation involves an imbalance and is asymmetrical, the advantaged host actors' perceptions toward tourism will be positive (Proposition 6e).
When the form of the relation involves an imbalance and is asymmetrical, the disadvantaged host actors' perceptions toward tourism will be negative (Proposition 6f).
Exchange Transaction Evaluation
The development of an exchange relation results in an exchange transaction taking place between the actors (Flow 3). Exchange transaction evaluation links the exchange relation and consequences of exchange.
the majority of the local population has to put up with the disadvantages brought on by the loss of control over their own communities" (Krippendorf 1987:45,55). In this situation, the exchange relationship is unbalanced, residents feel exploited, and it is likely they will develop negative attitudes.
If a community is an existing popular holiday destination area with strong planning (e.g., zoning regulations and design standards) and management control measures, it is in a power-advantage position, because a tourism operator is placed in a position of dependency. A tourism operator who proposes to enter the area with a product or service must comply with these controls in order to proceed with the project. Assuming the project proceeds and generates income for the new tourism operator and the community, the operator establishes credibility and a reputation within the community. When this occurs, the dependence of the tourism operator decreases as resident actors accept the presence of the operator in the community and share in the benefits.
Should a tourism operator consider the planning and management controls to be onerous but still proceed with the project, the company is likely to feel some loss of control over its destiny and a sense of being taken advantage of by the community; thus, an unbalanced exchange relationship exists. In this situation, the tourism operator is likely to develop negative attitudes about the arrangement. If the controls are considered unreasonable and are perceived to affect the project's feasibility, the tourism operator could withdraw the project and look elsewhere. Hence, no exchange takes place. This discussions suggests that:
If the host and tourism actors are in a balanced relation, initiation of the exchange relationship by either actor is equally probable (Proposition 6a).
If the host and tourism actors are in an unbalanced relation, the more dependent of the actors will be the more frequent initiator (Proposition 6b).
When the form of the exchange relation is cohesive and the level of power for both actors is high, host actors' perceptions toward tourism will be positive
(Proposition 6c).
When the form of the exchange relation is cohesive and the level of power for both actors is low, host actors' perceptions toward tourism will be negative
(Proposition 6d).
Wizen the form of the relation involves an imbalance and is asymmetrical, the advantaged host actors' perceptions toward tourism will be positive (Proposition 6e).
When the form of the relation involves an imbalance and is asymmetrical, the disadvantaged host actors' perceptions toward tourism will be negative (Proposition 6f).
Exchange Transaction Evaluation
The development of an exchange relation results in an exchange transaction taking place between the actors (Flow 3). Exchange transaction evaluation links the exchange relation and consequences of exchange.
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