Implementation barriers and facilitators
In general, major barriers to incorporation of evidencebased
care include organizational leadership, work capacity,
training, ongoing support, and others [89], and
SBIRT is no exception. A systematic review of qualitative
data from 47 studies [90] identified major SBIRTimplementation
barriers to be limited resources, training,
support of management, and workload. Most results
were from primary-care-based studies, but, consistent
with these findings, critical components of implementing
and sustaining SBIRT at a rural hospital in Australia included
the support of hospital management and a dedicated
project worker [91]. Similar issues were also
identified for nursing-delivered SBIRT, with the addition of concerns over limited interdisciplinary collaboration
about alcohol problems, compatibility with the acute
care nursing role, lack of privacy, and concerns about
patient attitudes [92]. This latter issue was also identified
in a previous hospital-based study on SBIRT [93]. Regarding
training needs, SBIRT training programs have
been shown to increase provider comfort in assessing alcohol
problems and have increased utilization of SBIRT
[94], and on-line instructional programs are available
to enhance dissemination (e.g., http://medicine.yale.
edu/sbirt/index.aspx; http://www.bu.edu/bniart/sbirt-inhealth-care/sbirt-educational-materials/sbirt-videos/).
An
additional barrier is the lack of an unambiguous tool for
monitoring the quality of SBIRT, which ideally should
include assessment of core brief intervention components
rather than non-specific provider or patient report
of alcohol counseling [6,95]. Interestingly, implementation
of a performance measure and electronic reminders
were each associated with an increase in the receipt of
brief intervention in outpatient VA settings [96], and this
type of strategy has the potential to enhance SBIRT performance
in the hospital
Conclusions
Unhealthy alcohol use is common in hospitalized patients,
with a high prevalence of severe alcohol problems
among those with unhealthy use. Detection should include
the use of a validated screening instrument to determine
the presence of unhealthy use, and assessment
of alcohol-related consequences in patients with positive
screening results to categorize the severity of unhealthy
use. Based on current evidence, patients without an alcohol
use disorder should receive a brief intervention to
target reduced drinking. Acute care issues for patients
with alcohol use disorders have been well described and
are standards of care. Additional research is needed to
guide discharge planning for inpatients with an alcohol
use disorder, but management should include referral to
outpatient addiction treatment if available, consideration
of medications to prevent a return to heavy drinking,
and explicit follow-up on alcohol use in the ambulatory
medical setting. JCAHO has advanced SBIRT for unhealthy
alcohol use as a quality measure, and barriers to
implementation are mainly generic factors rather than
specific to SBIRT. Continued research is needed across
the spectrum of unhealthy alcohol use to further demonstrate
the benefits of hospital-based SBIRT, refine the
process, and improve care for hospitalized patients.
Implementation barriers and facilitatorsIn general, major barriers to incorporation of evidencebasedcare include organizational leadership, work capacity,training, ongoing support, and others [89], andSBIRT is no exception. A systematic review of qualitativedata from 47 studies [90] identified major SBIRTimplementationbarriers to be limited resources, training,support of management, and workload. Most resultswere from primary-care-based studies, but, consistentwith these findings, critical components of implementingand sustaining SBIRT at a rural hospital in Australia includedthe support of hospital management and a dedicatedproject worker [91]. Similar issues were alsoidentified for nursing-delivered SBIRT, with the addition of concerns over limited interdisciplinary collaborationabout alcohol problems, compatibility with the acutecare nursing role, lack of privacy, and concerns aboutpatient attitudes [92]. This latter issue was also identifiedin a previous hospital-based study on SBIRT [93]. Regardingtraining needs, SBIRT training programs havebeen shown to increase provider comfort in assessing alcoholproblems and have increased utilization of SBIRT[94], and on-line instructional programs are availableto enhance dissemination (e.g., http://medicine.yale.edu/sbirt/index.aspx; http://www.bu.edu/bniart/sbirt-inhealth-care/sbirt-educational-materials/sbirt-videos/).Anadditional barrier is the lack of an unambiguous tool formonitoring the quality of SBIRT, which ideally shouldinclude assessment of core brief intervention componentsrather than non-specific provider or patient reportof alcohol counseling [6,95]. Interestingly, implementationof a performance measure and electronic reminderswere each associated with an increase in the receipt ofbrief intervention in outpatient VA settings [96], and thistype of strategy has the potential to enhance SBIRT performancein the hospitalConclusionsUnhealthy alcohol use is common in hospitalized patients,with a high prevalence of severe alcohol problemsamong those with unhealthy use. Detection should includethe use of a validated screening instrument to determinethe presence of unhealthy use, and assessmentof alcohol-related consequences in patients with positivescreening results to categorize the severity of unhealthyuse. Based on current evidence, patients without an alcoholuse disorder should receive a brief intervention totarget reduced drinking. Acute care issues for patientswith alcohol use disorders have been well described andare standards of care. Additional research is needed toguide discharge planning for inpatients with an alcoholuse disorder, but management should include referral tooutpatient addiction treatment if available, considerationof medications to prevent a return to heavy drinking,and explicit follow-up on alcohol use in the ambulatorymedical setting. JCAHO has advanced SBIRT for unhealthyalcohol use as a quality measure, and barriers toimplementation are mainly generic factors rather thanspecific to SBIRT. Continued research is needed acrossthe spectrum of unhealthy alcohol use to further demonstratethe benefits of hospital-based SBIRT, refine theprocess, and improve care for hospitalized patients.
การแปล กรุณารอสักครู่..
