Surface
Fig.1 carbon fiber supporting material. The bar is I mm for the microscopic image
Ammonin inhibition
Ammonia (NH4+/NH3) is produced during the degradation of nitrogenous materials ( Kayhanian 1999). Although ammonia is essential for microbial growth, an excess of free ( un- ion- ized) ammonia (NH3 ) causes inhibition of anaerobic digestion. Studies about ammonia inhibition against methanogenic archaea suggested that (1) ammonium ions directly inhibit the methane- synthesizing enzymes, and (2) ammonia that passes into the cell is toxic and causes proton imbalance and/ or potassium deficiency ( Sprott et al. 1984 ; Sprott and Patel 1986; Gallery et al. 1998; Sung and Liu 2003). The free ammonia concentration increases as the total ammonia concentration (NH4++NH3), temperature, and Ph increase (McCarty and McKinney 1961; Braun at. 1981; Koster 1986; Angelidaki and Ahring 1994). An increase in carbon dioxide pressure, and thereby a lowering of Ph, can decrease the inhibitory effect of free ammonia (Vavilin at al. 1995).
SurfaceFig.1 carbon fiber supporting material. The bar is I mm for the microscopic imageAmmonin inhibitionAmmonia (NH4+/NH3) is produced during the degradation of nitrogenous materials ( Kayhanian 1999). Although ammonia is essential for microbial growth, an excess of free ( un- ion- ized) ammonia (NH3 ) causes inhibition of anaerobic digestion. Studies about ammonia inhibition against methanogenic archaea suggested that (1) ammonium ions directly inhibit the methane- synthesizing enzymes, and (2) ammonia that passes into the cell is toxic and causes proton imbalance and/ or potassium deficiency ( Sprott et al. 1984 ; Sprott and Patel 1986; Gallery et al. 1998; Sung and Liu 2003). The free ammonia concentration increases as the total ammonia concentration (NH4++NH3), temperature, and Ph increase (McCarty and McKinney 1961; Braun at. 1981; Koster 1986; Angelidaki and Ahring 1994). An increase in carbon dioxide pressure, and thereby a lowering of Ph, can decrease the inhibitory effect of free ammonia (Vavilin at al. 1995).
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