Most companies have a core process that is at the heart of their business. For a manufacturer
this will be technical and form retailers and distributors this will be in the areas of buying and
distribution. Typically manufacturers are more exposed to process risk than retailers and
distributors with issues of yield, plant breakdown, quality issues, product safety and health
questions. For many companies, especially in the areas of food, pharmaceuticals and engineering,
these risks are mitigated through standard procedures such as ISO 9000. They may also be
mitigated through safety stock policies and controlled through supply chain visibility and leadtime
reduction programmes.