Conclusion: The findings indicated that AFE as well as its biomarker: scopoletin may be beneficial as a
potential preventive and therapeutic agent for gastro-esophageal inflammatory diseases, mainly through
its antisecretory and prokinetic activities including an inhibitory activity on serotonin, free radicals, and
cytokine-mediated inflammation. Additionally, scopoletin might be one of the biomarker constituents to
use for the quality assessment of Noni fruit products used for treating gastro-esophageal inflammatory
diseases.