Concern about Us. children's ability to read and write has led to a careful exami- nation of preschool and kindergarten children's experiences, with the hope that a positive orientation toward reading and writing can be developed early in life (Giorgis, 2012; Giorkas & Glazer, 2013). Parents and teachers need to provide young children with a supportive environment for the development of literacy skills (Tamis-LeMonda & Song, 2013). Children should be active participants in a wide range of interesting listening, talking, writing, and reading experiences (Gunning, 2013).