2. Limitations in describing motion may keep students from learning about the effects of forces.
Students of all ages tend to think in terms of motion or no motion. So the first task may be to
help students divide the category of motion into steady motion, speeding up, and slowing down.
For example, falling objects should be described as falling faster and faster rather than just
falling down. As indicated earlier, the basic idea expressed in Newton’s second law of motion is
not difficult to grasp, but vocabulary may get in the way if students have to struggle over the
meaning of force and acceleration. Both terms have many meanings in common language that
confound their specialized use in science. Like inertia, the action-equals-reaction principle is
counterintuitive. To say that a book presses down on the table is sensible enough, but then to say
that the table pushes back up with exactly the same force (which disappears the instant you pick
up the book) seems false on the face of it. (Benchmarks, all grade levels, 87)
2. Limitations in describing motion may keep students from learning about the effects of forces.
Students of all ages tend to think in terms of motion or no motion. So the first task may be to
help students divide the category of motion into steady motion, speeding up, and slowing down.
For example, falling objects should be described as falling faster and faster rather than just
falling down. As indicated earlier, the basic idea expressed in Newton’s second law of motion is
not difficult to grasp, but vocabulary may get in the way if students have to struggle over the
meaning of force and acceleration. Both terms have many meanings in common language that
confound their specialized use in science. Like inertia, the action-equals-reaction principle is
counterintuitive. To say that a book presses down on the table is sensible enough, but then to say
that the table pushes back up with exactly the same force (which disappears the instant you pick
up the book) seems false on the face of it. (Benchmarks, all grade levels, 87)
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